Then perhaps 500 years ago, Khas peoples migrated eastward, bypassing the inhospitable Kham highlands to settle in the lower valleys of the Gandaki basin suited to rice cultivation. One notable extended family settled in Gorkha, a petty principality about halfway between Pokhara and Kathmandu. Then in the late 1700s a scion named Prithvi Narayan Shah raised an army of Gurungs, Magars and possibly other hill tribesmen and set out to conquer and consolidate dozens of petty principalities in the himalayan foothills. Since Gorkha had replaced the original Khas homeland as the center of political and military initiative, Khaskura was redubbed Gorkhali, i.e. language of the Gorkhas.
Prithvi Narayan's especially notable military achievement was conquest of the urbanized Kathmandu Valley, on the eastern rim of the Gandaki basin. This region was also called Nepal at the time. Kathmandu became Prithvi Narayan's new capital, then he and his heirs extended their domain east into the Koshi basin, north to the Tibetan Plateau, south into the plains of northern India, and west of the Karnali/Bheri basin.
Expansion, particularly to the north, west and south brought the growing state into conflict with British and Chinese territorial ambitions. This led to wars that trimmed it back to roughly Nepal's present borders or less, however both great powers understood the value of a buffer state and did not attempt to reduce the new country further. Since the Kathmandu Valley or Nepal had become the new center of political initiative, this word gradually came to refer to the entire realm and not just the Kathmandu Valley. And so Gorkhali, language of Gorkha, was again redubbed Nepali.
Nepali is the easternmost of the Pahari languages, a group of related languages spoken across the lower elevations of the Himalaya range, from eastern Nepal through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. The influence of Nepali language can also be seen in Bhutan and some parts of Myanmar. Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Tibeto-Burman languages, most notably Nepal Bhasa, and shows Tibeto-Burman influences.
Nepali is closely related to Hindi but is more conservative, borrowing fewer words from Persian and English and using more Sanskritic derivations. Today, Nepali is commonly written in the Devanagari script. Bhujimol is an older script native to Nepal.
Nepali developed a small literature during the second half of the nineteenth century, which included the Adhyatma Ramayana by Sundarananda Bara (1833), Birsikka, an anonymous collection of folk-tales, and a Ramayana by Bhanubhakta. There were also several translations of Sanskrit works, and a version of the Bible.
Sunday, December 2, 2007
Nepali language
Nepali (Khaskura) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and some parts of India and Myanmar (Burma).
The term Nepal originally meant the Kathmandu Valley, and thus the term Nepali was historically used for the indigenous Tibeto-Burman language of that valley, today known as Newari or Nepal Bhasa. However, this article will cover only the official Indo-Aryan language.
It is the official language of Nepal and also the official language of the Indian state Sikkim. Roughly half the population of Nepal speaks Nepali as a mother tongue. Many other Nepalese speak it as a second language, however its imposition as the sole official language in the education system, courts and government has become increasingly controversial and was an important issue in the 1996-2006 civil war.
Nepali goes by various names. English speakers generally call it Nepali or Nepalese (i.e. the language of Nepal).
It is also called Gorkhali or Gurkhali, "the language of the Gurkhas, "and Parbatiya, "the language of the mountains." Khaskura is the oldest term, literally speech of the Khas who were rice-growing Indo-Aryan settlers in the Karnali-Bheri basin of far western Nepal since prehistoric or early historic times. Khaskura exists in opposition to Khamkura, a group of Tibeto-Burman dialects spoken by Kham peoples in highlands separating the Karnali-Bheri basin from the Gandaki basin in central Nepal.
The term Nepal originally meant the Kathmandu Valley, and thus the term Nepali was historically used for the indigenous Tibeto-Burman language of that valley, today known as Newari or Nepal Bhasa. However, this article will cover only the official Indo-Aryan language.
It is the official language of Nepal and also the official language of the Indian state Sikkim. Roughly half the population of Nepal speaks Nepali as a mother tongue. Many other Nepalese speak it as a second language, however its imposition as the sole official language in the education system, courts and government has become increasingly controversial and was an important issue in the 1996-2006 civil war.
Nepali goes by various names. English speakers generally call it Nepali or Nepalese (i.e. the language of Nepal).
It is also called Gorkhali or Gurkhali, "the language of the Gurkhas, "and Parbatiya, "the language of the mountains." Khaskura is the oldest term, literally speech of the Khas who were rice-growing Indo-Aryan settlers in the Karnali-Bheri basin of far western Nepal since prehistoric or early historic times. Khaskura exists in opposition to Khamkura, a group of Tibeto-Burman dialects spoken by Kham peoples in highlands separating the Karnali-Bheri basin from the Gandaki basin in central Nepal.
Analytical Essay
Mercy killing
Sin or good deed?
Nowadays, mercy killing is one of the hottest topics. It is widely talked about and there has been many cases related to it. Do you like to see some one dying painful death from a diseases or will you help that some one to end life to end suffering? These questions can have only one answers “NO”.
Mercy killing is usually done by medical doctors, if law permits, when requested by the patient suffering from incurable disease which is in last stage or patient’s family. But sometimes people other than medical doctors do it to help others. Like soldier badly wounded in a battle can request to kill him so that he can die and don’t get caught by the enemies.
In some cases, mercy killing can end up some one in jail for murder. There has been lot of cases where people kill their loved ones suffering from cancer in its last stage. Others think that it is a murder. Law says it is murder.
Mercy killing is not only for humans. It is practiced in animals. During ancient times, animals like horses, elephants or other animals used in battle were killed by there handler when they were badly injured during battle.
Mercy killing can be a good deed only when it is necessary. If some takes law in their hands and do it they will end up in jail and will be sorry for rest of their lives.
Sin or good deed?
Nowadays, mercy killing is one of the hottest topics. It is widely talked about and there has been many cases related to it. Do you like to see some one dying painful death from a diseases or will you help that some one to end life to end suffering? These questions can have only one answers “NO”.
Mercy killing is usually done by medical doctors, if law permits, when requested by the patient suffering from incurable disease which is in last stage or patient’s family. But sometimes people other than medical doctors do it to help others. Like soldier badly wounded in a battle can request to kill him so that he can die and don’t get caught by the enemies.
In some cases, mercy killing can end up some one in jail for murder. There has been lot of cases where people kill their loved ones suffering from cancer in its last stage. Others think that it is a murder. Law says it is murder.
Mercy killing is not only for humans. It is practiced in animals. During ancient times, animals like horses, elephants or other animals used in battle were killed by there handler when they were badly injured during battle.
Mercy killing can be a good deed only when it is necessary. If some takes law in their hands and do it they will end up in jail and will be sorry for rest of their lives.
How I come to U.S.A.
How I come to U.S.A.
I am born and raised in Nepal. I am like those third world citizens who has dream to put foot in developed countries or first world countries. Among these countries United States is everyone’s first choice. I don’t know why but there is something that is pulling towards U.S.A.
A year ago many of my friends went to different countries as student. Most of them went to Australia. Then I also felt that I also need to do something to get away from my family, my country to some place where I can live like I wanted. Free. The only way was to go to other countries like U.S., U.K., or Australia as student. I chose U.S.
First of all I talked with my parents. They were angry. But I urged and managed to convince them to help me. Then I took English proficiency test called IELTS, which is necessary if you are going to English speaking country as a student. After I got my IELTS results (7.0/9) I went to USEF (United States Education Fund) to find Universities in U.S. that will accept me as student. My primary choice was Silicon Valley because of my interest in computers and they came up with two names SFSU and Lincoln University.
I issued I-20 from Lincoln University because it was inexpensive compared to SFSU. After I received my I-20 I prepared necessary documents and filled for visa interview. Cost for interview is $200 ie Rs13500/-. My interview was on 25th July 2007 at 9:30 am. But I was called for the interview at 10:45 am.
The consular asked me question about my studies, my parents and future plan. He was satisfied with the documents that I have presented and congratulated me and said ‘welcome to United States’. At first I could not believe my ears. I felt that I was dreaming.
Next day I went to consular section to collect my visa and I-20. From there I went to travel agencies for tickets. At first they all disappointed me saying that there are no tickets till September. Finally I got tickets for 16th August from Kumari Travels.
A day before flight there was gathering at my home. My friends and my relatives had come over to say goodbye. Next day my father, my uncle, my brother and one of my friends came to drop me off at airport. I said goodbye to everyone and left my homeland.
I came to U.S. via Thailand to los angels. When I get out of the terminal, I felt I am in different world. The people look different and I felt unsecured. In LA I met a poor Nepali guy who had missed his flight. I was upset too because I did not receive my luggage. We became friends and spend night together. Next morning I had flight to SFO. In SFO, my brother-in-law came to pick me up and we went to his apartment.
I am born and raised in Nepal. I am like those third world citizens who has dream to put foot in developed countries or first world countries. Among these countries United States is everyone’s first choice. I don’t know why but there is something that is pulling towards U.S.A.
A year ago many of my friends went to different countries as student. Most of them went to Australia. Then I also felt that I also need to do something to get away from my family, my country to some place where I can live like I wanted. Free. The only way was to go to other countries like U.S., U.K., or Australia as student. I chose U.S.
First of all I talked with my parents. They were angry. But I urged and managed to convince them to help me. Then I took English proficiency test called IELTS, which is necessary if you are going to English speaking country as a student. After I got my IELTS results (7.0/9) I went to USEF (United States Education Fund) to find Universities in U.S. that will accept me as student. My primary choice was Silicon Valley because of my interest in computers and they came up with two names SFSU and Lincoln University.
I issued I-20 from Lincoln University because it was inexpensive compared to SFSU. After I received my I-20 I prepared necessary documents and filled for visa interview. Cost for interview is $200 ie Rs13500/-. My interview was on 25th July 2007 at 9:30 am. But I was called for the interview at 10:45 am.
The consular asked me question about my studies, my parents and future plan. He was satisfied with the documents that I have presented and congratulated me and said ‘welcome to United States’. At first I could not believe my ears. I felt that I was dreaming.
Next day I went to consular section to collect my visa and I-20. From there I went to travel agencies for tickets. At first they all disappointed me saying that there are no tickets till September. Finally I got tickets for 16th August from Kumari Travels.
A day before flight there was gathering at my home. My friends and my relatives had come over to say goodbye. Next day my father, my uncle, my brother and one of my friends came to drop me off at airport. I said goodbye to everyone and left my homeland.
I came to U.S. via Thailand to los angels. When I get out of the terminal, I felt I am in different world. The people look different and I felt unsecured. In LA I met a poor Nepali guy who had missed his flight. I was upset too because I did not receive my luggage. We became friends and spend night together. Next morning I had flight to SFO. In SFO, my brother-in-law came to pick me up and we went to his apartment.
where do I stand
Where do I stand?
FEET: What do I stand for as a foundation of writing?
In past, I had lot of hands on experience in writing. But still there are pros and cons about me when it comes to writing. Well there are many spaces that need to be filled with improvements.
STOMACH: What upsets me about writing?
Writing is time consuming and tedious job.
HEART: What do I love about writing?
One thing that I love about writing is that it can be sent to many people and we don’t have to be there to explain it.
HANDS: What do I feel about writing?I feel that writing can have huge impact on people. We can collect information, views and put it in written form and share it with many people.
EARS: What do I hear about writing?
Nowadays, many people around the world giving and exchanging there views via internet, newspaper etc
EYES: What do I see about writing?
Written forms of communication can be seen every where in form of letters, newspaper etc.
BRAIN: What do I think about writing?
Writing is one of the best means of communication. If we want to say something we can write it down in decorative words and send it to many people.
FEET: What do I stand for as a foundation of writing?
In past, I had lot of hands on experience in writing. But still there are pros and cons about me when it comes to writing. Well there are many spaces that need to be filled with improvements.
STOMACH: What upsets me about writing?
Writing is time consuming and tedious job.
HEART: What do I love about writing?
One thing that I love about writing is that it can be sent to many people and we don’t have to be there to explain it.
HANDS: What do I feel about writing?I feel that writing can have huge impact on people. We can collect information, views and put it in written form and share it with many people.
EARS: What do I hear about writing?
Nowadays, many people around the world giving and exchanging there views via internet, newspaper etc
EYES: What do I see about writing?
Written forms of communication can be seen every where in form of letters, newspaper etc.
BRAIN: What do I think about writing?
Writing is one of the best means of communication. If we want to say something we can write it down in decorative words and send it to many people.
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